Joseph Holmes was born in Kansas in 1855 and orphaned at a young age. He was raised by his mother’s sister and her family, the Geboe family. In 1869, Holmes endured removal from Kansas to Indian Territory, and for the trip, he drove a wagon loaded with furniture, stoves, and other supplies.

Holmes spoke both the Ottawa language and English and remained active in tribal affairs throughout his life. He served as Chief from about 1892 to 1895, and afterwards, he often held a seat on the tribal council. He lived on his allotment near Miami and continued to take part in tribal leadership until his death in November 1931.